mode dispersion การใช้

• Polarization mode dispersion, polarization-dependent loss . and cross-polarization modulation are other phenomena that can cause problems in PDM systems.
• A special case of modal dispersion is polarization mode dispersion ( PMD ), a fiber dispersion phenomenon usually associated with single-mode fibers.
• Even in single-mode fibers, pulse broadening can occur as a result of polarization mode dispersion ( since there are still two polarization modes ).
• Data rates are limited by polarization mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion ., data rates of up to 10 gigabits per second were possible at distances of over with commercially available transceivers ( Xenpak ).
• In 2002, Sterlite was the subject of a major lawsuit, by Fitel USA, a subsidiary of Furukawa Electric charging Sterlite with infringement of a number of optical fiber patents including those related to manufacturing fiber with low polarization mode dispersion.
• Supranata, Y . E ., Kalinski M . E ., Ye, Q ., 2007, Improving the uniqueness of surface wave inversion using multiple-mode dispersion data : International Journal of Geomechanics, v . 7, p . 333-343.
• Gordon's most recent major contribution to the field of fiber-optic communications was in the mathematical formulation of the phenomenon of polarization mode dispersion ( PMD ), which constitutes one of the most important factors in determining the performance of fiber-optic systems.
• In particular, the PSG and PSA made with magneto-optic ( MO ) switches have been successfully used to analyze polarization mode dispersion ( PMD ) and polarization dependent loss ( PDL ) with accuracies not obtainable with rotating waveplate methods, thanks to the binary nature of the MO switches.
• The Coherent Technology used on the system mainly consist of four major elements : high order amplitude / phase modulation, polarization multiplexing, coherent detection using a local oscillator laser in the receiver, and high-speed ADCs and sophisticated digital signal processing in the receiver, 100G Coherent Technology can overcome various fiber impairments, such as chromatic dispersion ( CD ) and polarization mode dispersion ( PMD ).